History Coursework – Arab Israeli Conflict

In 1948 the town of Deir Yassin was attacked by Jewish Irgun contenders. By early afternoon around the same time they had killed everybody in the whole town †ladies and kids included. There is no genuine confirmation about who is to be faulted for the Palestinian displaced person issue. The reasons of the battle about Deir Yassin return since the parcel of Palestine. The parcel implied that greater part of the populace, the Arabs, would get less land that the Jews. Then again, the Jews didn't get Jerusalem, their country, remembered for their territory. The two sides were miserable about the land they were given, so they began to battle each other to get the land back. In December 1947 savagery broke out among them and they developed increasingly more forceful until slaughter itself in April the following year. The Jews imagined that in the event that they submitted the mass homicide, they could recover the land. Deir Yassin would have been a critical key point for whoever had control of it. This made the town progressively important to both the Arabs and Jews, which implied it was the inside for viciousness. The two sources are expounded on a similar occasion however express the assessments of various individuals. Source A will be a flyer produce by the PLO portraying the Arab departure structure Palestine, and the Deir Yassin slaughter. Source b is an announcement made to the UN by Israel's outside pastor in 1961, communicating her perspective on the episode and the general mass migration of Palestine. As source A will be a handout, it's clearly publicity. It's intensely one-sided in the Palestinians perspective. It's publicizing the way that the Palestinians left Palestine in view of their dread, and not voluntarily. It accuses the entire evacuee issue for Israel: â€Å"Thousands of Palestinians fled†¦ were kept from coming back to their home by Israel.† They had a reasonable contention since they had to leave in dread, as no one would need to be butchered. As the source is guided towards the world to attempt to get universal help, it is clearly misrepresented to aggravate everything sound for the Arabs to produce compassion toward them: â€Å"In cold blood†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"Mutilating a significant number of the bodies†. Prior to closing, one must consider the way that the Palestinians don't recount to the two sides of the story. The source neglects to make reference to the Infitada or â€Å"uprising†, which was the common rebellion that developed in parts of Israel. It comprised of uproars and fights drove by Arabs. The Infitada occurred before the source was composed, so they have no reason for not expounding on it in the leaflet. They would not like to incorporate the opposite side f the story as this would bring down the measure of compassion picked up by the Palestinians from the world. Likewise, the UN Resolution 242, which could have tackled the evacuee issues, and could likewise be for their potential benefit, wasn't referenced. Just as this, the different fear based oppressor acts submitted before the source was composed are excluded from the source, so anybody that peruses this source won't think seriously about the Palestinians. In spite of the fact that source B is expounded on a similar occasion, it keeps all the from noticing the slaughter. As the source is an announcement coordinated towards the UN, it just notices the realities that Israel needs them to know. The primary design was to persuade the UN to agree with their position, and prevent them from passing goals 242 which was going to constrain Israel to pull back from all their involved domains. Mrs Meir brings all the consideration away from the Jewish activities and attempts to turn the contention around. She attempts to persuade the world that the slaughter at Deir Yassin was submitted by â€Å"Jewish Dissidents†, or insane psychological militants, not the Israeli government, and nothing to do with Golda Meir. The source keenly blames the Arab armed forces for the Arab evacuees. It expresses the all that did animosity against Israel are answerable for the outcasts. As indicated by the source the Arab chiefs who drove the militaries told all the Arabs living in Palestine to empty the nation so the armed forces could get in, constraining them to live in evacuee camps. Likewise with the main PLO source, the essayist of this deliberately forgets about the previous Israeli fear based oppressor activities, for example, the assaults on the King David inn in Jerusalem. To close, the 2 sources are very surprising. They contrast in pretty much every manner, and each source is incredibly one-sided, the sources are not solid by any stretch of the imagination, we can just utilize them to see singular sentiments. Neither of the sources either have verification to help the conclusions, for instance source B discloses to us that the slaughter was attempted by individuals who had nothing to do with the administration, however the Israelis have no proof for this, so we have no motivation to accept this. The sources offer so differing realities and thoughts, it is difficult to reach determinations about who is at fault for the exile issue, we can just have our own feeling. GCSE COURSEWORK ASSIGNMENT Present day WORLD STUDY: THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT Question 2 Despite the fact that sources A-F incorporate a great deal of data, it is difficult to break down the sources to make the finish of who is at fault for the Palestinian evacuee issues. A large number of the sources are one-sided and don't give the two sides to the story. The 6 sources give us loads of data concerning the assessments of the various sides, yet with regards to finishing up and offering a reasonable input, it's practically unthinkable. We have to investigate each hotspot for their productivity, and asses them to discover their motivation and unwavering quality. Source A gives us the Palestinian perspective on the Arab departure from Palestine. It says that the Jews attacked the town of Deir Yassin, and afterward executed the whole populace. It says that the a huge number of Palestinians who fled Palestine in fear were kept from coming back to their own â€Å"homeland† by Israel. The source reprimands Israel for the displaced person issue. Perusing this source alone, one would accept that the whole displaced person issue would be the flaw of the Israelis, yet the source is vigorously one-sided and given in the Palestinian perspective. The source neglects to specify a couple of significant subtleties which could enable you to finish up, for example, the intifada that happened when the Palestinians began to retaliate against the Israelis, and the different s fear monger assaults they made to attempt to get their property back. The primary driver for the brutality was the way that the British powers left. Source B is written in a comparable style as source A, yet it is vigorously one-sided and in the perspective on the Israelis, It is expounded on a similar occasion, however reprimands the Palestinian Arabs for the entire exile occasion. It essentially says that the Arabs really caused the entire evacuee issue, and that the Jewish had nothing to do with it. They state that the slaughter at Deir Yassin was submitted by fear mongers, and was nothing to do with the Jewish government. It says that the other Arab nations advised the Palestinians to leave the nation so the Arab powers could get in, which would imply that the Jews aren't capable at all for the issue. Likewise with the main source, there is no verification, so we can't accept what is said. Utilizing these 2 sources, there's no decision we can come to as the two of them repudiate one another. Source C is an article by an Irish writer. It repudiates source B, saying that there were no requests by any means, by the Arabs, to leave Palestine. This refutes source B, and it has evidence. It says that there are records in the British historical center which state that there was not a solitary request to clear Palestine. It says there were even interests to wait in Palestine, which negates source B. This source offers proof and is dependable, and is clearly non-one-sided. It's difficult to tell who caused the outcast when you have two sources disclosing to you that the other isn't right. Source D is a concentrate from certain remarks made by Palestinian exiles. They mention to us what work the UN did to stop the displaced person issue. They state that they have rejected homes and different types of remuneration since all they needed was to be permitted to come back to their country. This implies the Palestinians are liable for keeping all the issues, and it's their own flaw that they're living in camps. They are intentionally being abnormal, despite the fact that the UN is supporting them. This is a useful real explanation which is marginally one-sided in the Palestinians favor. Source E is composed by the Israeli diplomat to the UN. The source expresses that if Palestinians settled somewhere else, the entire issue would stop. It is fundamentally an affirmation to source D. This source essentially demonstrates that the Arabs are causing the displaced person issue. The last source, F, is 2 photographs. They state that the Arab was conceived in Jerusalem, yet can't return to live there. The Jew was not conceived in Palestine, however she can return there whenever she needs. The Arab and the Jew can at present say precisely the equivalent thing20 years after the fact, as their circumstances are the very same, nothing has changed. The source is rebelliously not one-sided as it has the point of view of a Jew and an Arab. It doesn't clarify the reason for the issue, yet it discloses to us that the issue has not been explained at this point. To finish up, these sources don't let you reach a resolution. Source A repudiates source B, and source C negates source B. Sources D and E reveal to us that the Arabs didn't need remuneration and acted gracelessly to disturb the UN, which negates source A once more. With all the sources saying that others are incorrect, and the absence of proof for sources A, B and E, we can't accept any of them, or go to such an understanding about who truly is to be faulted for the evacuee issue. We need more proof and realities to reach a firm resolution.

Diamonds Industry of South Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Precious stones Industry of South Africa - Essay Example It talks about the cartel's conduct during the politically-sanctioned racial segregation period, explicitly its recognition of human rights and corporate duty under a fundamentalist and supremacist system. Part V talks about the understanding came to between the ANC government and the De Beers cartel on the status of precious stone mines and mining industry in South Africa, and how the cartel can help in the nation's improvement program. It additionally contains proposals on how the understanding can help in advancing dark financial strengthening, and monetary and political democratization all through South Africa. De Beers is a syndication and the cartel of the precious stone world. Imposing business model is a term that makes an interpretation of truly into single seller,1 which implies a company that rules the creation and circulation of a specific help or item, (for example, jewels). There are different types of imposing business models and a cartel is only one of them. A cartel, (for example, De Beers) is a formal or casual gathering of companies that have consented to stay away from and limit non-gainful or damaging rivalry among them so as to overwhelm the market and expand benefits. that most extreme carefully, to abstain from flooding the market with items which for the most part brings about a diminishing of their costs. To ensure their benefits, individuals from the cartel can either concede to a typical item cost for their whole zone of activity or set up nearby Precious stones of South Africa 4 syndications where they could possibly apply a typical cost structure.2 The value is obviously higher than what it would be if creation was not directed by the cartel, and if costs were resolved, not by the cartel, yet by veritable rivalry and the interests of the shopper. De Beers for example set a falsely significant expense for its precious stones notwithstanding the way that there was at that point a huge flexibly of jewels in the mines of South Africa (which were found as right on time as 1867) and other African nations. The gracefully expanded cosmically following the disclosure of mines in Russia, Canada and Australia. De Beers kept costs high by developing the legend that jewels are important and rare and ought to be valued in like manner. The cartel has not brought down the costs of its precious stones in its whole presence. Numerous nations have administered against value fixing cartels to support rivalry, which hypothetically should bring down costs and improve item quality. The European Jewels of South Africa 5 Commission, in its 2005 Report on Competition Policy, declared that (c)ompetition is pivotal for the entire organization for development and jobs.3 truth be told, the battle against universal value fixing and market-sharing cartels has become a top political need in Europe.4 B. The Birth of De Beers De Beers can be seen as an uncommonly inventive and seemingly perpetual cartel. Then again, it has been censured and even denounced as the most

CVA - Cerebral Vascular Accident essays

CVA - Cerebral Vascular Accident papers A cerebral vascular mishap (CVA), or ordinarily known as a stroke, sway roughly 500,000 people in the United States every year. As per the Encyclopedia of Aging (Scherer, 1982), a stroke happens with a neurologic shortage from a disturbance of vascular capacity. This might be the aftereffect of a fractional or all out blockage of veins to the cerebrum by a drain or blood cluster. In the U.S., 50 percent of those enduring their first stroke are 70 or more seasoned; most are guys. The most in danger for a stroke are those people with transient or mellow neurologic occasions, a heart ailment that inclines them to embolism, and asymptomatic with a carotid bruit that demonstrates a blockage. The individuals who have encountered transient ischemic assaults, or signs of cerebrovascular infection, additionally have a high hazard for stroke. Strokes brought about by an embolism happen out of nowhere. There as a rule isn't a misfortune in cognizance, yet a change in the condition of awareness. Some neurologic side effects, for example, loss of motion of one side of body, powerlessness to talk, or loss of side vision of the two eyes may likewise happen. Strokes from a discharge may happen unexpectedly or progress gradually. Regularly it is brought about by an aneurysm that blasts or an innate deformity of the vessel. Sickness, retching, cerebral pains, and hardened neck are side effects of a hemorrhagic stroke (Sherer, 1982). Hypertension is the absolute most significant hazard factor for stroke. Different components incorporate coronary illness, diabetes, smoking, and raised blood cholesterol. When a stroke happens, there is nothing that should be possible to reestablish the dead cerebrum tissue. Treatment incorporates forestalling a repeat with anticoagulation prescription and clinical control of the hypertension. A few types of aneurysms and hemorrhages can be dealt with precisely. Recovery is critical to expand the level of useful adjustment and self-care. In view of the earnestness of strokes, high-hazard patients ought to be well ... <!

The Effective Maid of Honor Speech Writing Guide

It may happen that you need to write not only speeches for school, college or university but for many other events. For example, you are invited to a wedding. And if you are too close to a newly married couple, you are likely to pronounce a speech in front of all guests. Moreover, if you’re a maid of honor, your speech should be impressive. What makes any speech spectacular? Right, a preparatory stage. You shouldn’t neglect the preliminaries to public speaking even if only your relatives are around. Writing a speech for weddings isn’t so easy as it may seem even if you’re writing for a sister or close friend. On the face of it, each wedding speech appears to set several tones of speaking solemn, warm, cordial, dramatic, affectionate. This article is a source for your inspiration to write your own maid of honor speech that could move heart really. The valuable point that you’ll find in this article is a well-written speech besides the speech-writing guide. Follow it and shine during a wedding ceremony! What Is a Maid of Honor Speech? Look at the Written Speech! A maid of honor speech is a text serving the purpose of expression of the warm feelings about the new family which is about to start the new journey in life. It is both the honor and the responsibility that has to be taken seriously. Moreover, it is necessary to use proper lexis and grammar to stress out the most important moments of relationships between young people. The maid of honor speech is basically a toast which aimed to disclose positive memories about the bride to friends and family. The exemplary maid of honor speech sample supposed to help to structure the possible ideas and memories into the well-organized text that will be appropriate for such a pleasant and memorable occasion. â€Å"Dear guests, The bride and I have known each other for the whole life. Allow me to introduce myself. I am Jane, and my sister today is the happiest woman in the world because she has tightened the family knot with the man of her dreams. You have probably noticed how bright and warm this room became when she smiles at me. She had this habit since we were kids. Whenever it was raining outside or dark thoughts have burdened my mind she always knew what and when to say to brighten up my life and bring joy to the people around her. I also remember when we were little and I hurt my knee, she told me a joke and instead of crying, I was laughing and slowly forgetting about my pain. Her ability or gift has become a magnet that attracted her husband right on the day when they first met each other. I remember it as if it was yesterday. She was shining like a sun when she got back from their first date. Even though it was raining for the whole day, it did not stop her from going out with the guy. That is how we all knew – she met him, the one and the only. And the groom did not disappoint us at any point. As a sister, I have been rather cautious towards Mark. However, he has convinced me of being one of the most positive, honest, and open-minded people I know. For that reason I am sure that no one but Mark is able to care for my sister, to love her, and always keep her as happy as she is now. Today is indeed a memorable and emotional day for us all that is why I would like to wish that your family life was a full cup and your love would grow stronger every day. I believe that when people love each other, nothing can keep them apart because love is friendship filled with loyalty through good and bad times, and settles for less than perfection. It creates allowances for human weaknesses bringing two souls together. So let your deep soulful union stay closely connected for a lifetime. Cheers to the happy couple!† What Makes My Speech Stand out? This Maid of Honor Speech Guide After reading the maid of honor speech above, it’s hard to know what works and what doesn’t. We’ve decided to point out all the practical tips on how to deliver the perfect maid of honor speech – here’s what they came up with†¦ ââ€"  Don’t Panic in Any Case The first obligatory step is not to worry too much either before writing or making a speech. The truth is that everyone expects to hear a relaxed speech from you instead of listening to your nervous voice your voice can be touched only with emotion. What contributes to the stress-free state during the speech-writing process? Favorite music that you probably like listening together with a fiancee, a place where you are used to spending time together or looking over pictures taken together. It is a good idea to recollect all the pleasant memories that can direct you to write a touching speech instead of worrying, â€Å"Oh my word, how to write this speech?† or â€Å"I can’t write my maid of honor speech†. You have surely what to say. Its another matter how to say it. It is worth to practice several times before delivering a speech for an audience (it is a golden rule for all speeches). As for speaking itself, you shouldn’t be nervous as well. Keep calm and try to pronounce each word clearly and distinctly so that everyone could hear you. What can help you be at ease? Its almost impossible to feel ease if various thoughts are passing through you â€Å"How do I look?†, â€Å"Is everyone listening to me?†, â€Å"Is my speech good?†, etc. So your task is to avoid all these thoughts and focus on what you’re going to speak. If you feel the lack of confidence, follow these 8 tips to boost self confidence. ââ€"  Know What to Say and in What Order Your speech should follow the basic structure an introduction, body, and conclusion. Start your speech with welcoming the guests – thank everyone who contributed to organizing this nice wedding. There’s no need to thank absolutely everyone – that’s the bride and the groom’s job. Just say that you’re happy to be the part of this special day. In the main part, pay a heartfelt welcome to the newly-weds ensuring there are tight bonds between you tell a funny story occurred to you or your favorite anecdote you like telling each other or bring back fond mutual memories. Don’t forget to convey your happiness in getting to know this couple for a long time or, to the contrary, say that a short period of time allowed to get familiar with such good people and you hope to pass these strong ties of friendship for years. In conclusion, you may offer some advice to the newlyweds – though keep this part light-hearted. The closing part should be a toast to the bride and groom. Traditionally, most wish ‘health and happiness’, but be creative saying something more meaningful and personal to the couple. ââ€"  Practice Your Speech Before the Big Day Think that after putting a full point you finish this daunting operation to have a speech ready? Don’t think so as you will need to deliver it effectively. Well-Delivered speech is possible only if it is practiced in advance. Having a piece of paper in hands to read speech content isn’t a good idea at all! How often do you listen to people reading their speeches? Watch the speech of Oprah Winfrey or any other famous speakers. As an alternative, you can use a spark note in which you can find the speech outline and its main points. For example, having a written speech in hands sets the mind of most people at rest. Maybe, it will help you as well. But there can be no dispute that a proper speech practice will be of great assistance to you. Firstly, read it out. Secondly, speak it aloud. Thirdly, bring the way of speaking to perfection by gestures, pauses and eye contact. Be sure you’ll become more confident during the speech at the wedding. 5 Points to Consider While Making a Speech Who is going to speak immediately before you? In this happy day, most desired people are found to say something pleasant to the new teddies. You should get to know who is before you so that it won’t be a surprise for you to speak at that moment. How is the speech finished? This helps plan a logical introduction referencing what is said previously. Are speakers introduced before speaking? If it is a numerous event, it is difficult to memorize every one. For that reason, you may not be named. It is better to do it at the beginning of your speech. What is the average length of speeches? If all speeches are short, but you intend to make a quite long speech, it will look strange a little bit and vice versa. Stick to the happy medium. How are you going to speak? It is referred to your position you may stand up near your seating or move closer who you’re going to speak to. Over again, pay attention to the rest of the guests. Occasionally, the content of wedding speeches can vary. However, if you want to avoid a disaster on the big day, follow our speech guide or apply for our help with speech writing.

The Reconstruction Period (1865-1877) - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 329 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/17 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Civil War Essay Crime Essay Political Rights Essay Did you like this example? The Reconstruction period (1865-1877) was the era of rebuilding, the south, after the Civil War. In the South reconstruction meant rebuilding the economy, establishing new state and local governments and establishing a new social structure between whites and blacks. Abolishing slavery, what should be demanded of the Southern states, restoring political rights to the South, and what should be the responsibility of the newly freed slaves were the concerns doing the Reconstruction period. They also wanted to know how the economy should be rebuilt based on free labor. Reconstruction addressed how the eleven seceding states would regain self-government and be reseated in Congress. The laws and constitutional amendments that laid the foundation for the most radical phase of Reconstruction were adopted from 1866 to 1871. The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments did many things. The 13th Amendment established the Freedmans Bureau which was an agency of the Federal government set up in 1865 to help former slaves and other persons suffering from the effects of the Civil War. The 13th Amendment said: Neither slavery nor forced labor shall exist within the United States or its possessions except as a punishment for one convicted of a crime. Congress may make laws to enforce this article. The 14th Amendment said in section four: The Federal Government shall pay all its debts, including debts contracted in putting down rebellion. But neither federal nor state governments may pay debts contracted by aiding a rebellion against the United States, nor pay anyone for the loss of slaves. The 15th Amendment said: Neither federal nor state governments can deny any citizen the right to vote because of his race or color, or because he was once in bondage. Congress can pass laws for carrying out this article. The Norths commitment to Reconstruction soon waned. Many Republicans came to believe that the South should solve its own problems without further interference from Wash ington. Reports of Reconstruction corruption led many Northerners to conclude that black suffrage had been a mistake. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Reconstruction Period (1865-1877)" essay for you Create order

What Do Undocumented Immigrants Really Hurt Our Economy

What Do Undocumented Immigrants Actually Do To The Economy? As of recently, immigration has come to the forefront of political issues in the United States. There are two main sectors of immigration that our government highlights as problem areas: undocumented immigration and immigration from the Middle East. The number one issue brought up when discussing undocumented immigration is its effect on the economy. There is a plethora of rhetoric that we hear and see in our society telling us that immigrants steal our jobs and destroy our economy. When confronted with this prospect, there is one obvious question: Is it true that undocumented immigrants really hurt our economy? This question has various components that need to be researched in†¦show more content†¦In fact, this is not taking into account how much mass deportations would cost taxpayers. Currently, Homeland Security does not have the personnel to go through with mass deportation. The United States currently has the a bility to only deport 400,000 people every year. Currently there are 5,000 U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) workers devoted to deportation; Trump plans on raising that number to 90,000 in order to speed up the process of deportation. This would cost American taxpayers somewhere between 100 to 300 billion dollars in the end (Salisbury 2014). One of the main points of rhetoric used when trying to show how undocumented immigrants are bad for Americans is that they are taking our jobs. This for the most part is false, in fact undocumented immigrants actually have raised wages for people working skilled jobs by more than 10 percent. This happens because they can be more productive because of the help they get doing the non-skilled work they used to do. The only people who are negatively affected by undocumented immigrants are adults who do not have a high school education. They have seen a decrease in wages between 0.4 and 7.7 percent (Davidson). While there has been a slig ht decrease in wages for non-high school this does not necessarily mean that they are taking our jobs. There have been many studies looking into whether or not the jobs that a majority ofShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits of Immigrants in the United States Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pagesnumber of immigrants coming over to the country within the 2000s. In recent studies, there are about 11.5 million undocumented immigrants in the United States. The undocumented immigrant population has grown 27% between 2000 to 2009. Immigrants from Mexico make up 59% of the undocumented immigrants in the United States. These undocumented immigrants can help the economy and country grow. 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Analyze the Business Situation and Problems

Question: Discuss about the Analyze the Business Situation and Problems. Answer: 5Cs Analysis According to Schripp et al. (2013), in order satisfy the needs of customers and to gain significant amount of profit a company has to understand its internal situation. It includes analyzing customers, market environment and capability of the firm. 5 C Analysis is considered as a useful framework to perform situational analysis. The major aspects of 5 C analyses for e-cigarette companies are discussed below: Company The product e-cigarette was developed in the year of 2003 by a Chinese pharmacist (Padon et al. 2017). It is an electronic nicotine delivery system appeared in the US market in the year of 2007. During the starting period the sales of e-cigarettes were low as they are considered just as novelty. However, due to increased marketing campaign and increased awareness of people the sale of the product increased gradually. The major goal of this product is to reduce the harm done by nicotine by traditional cigarette. Presently there are more than 400 e-cigarette companies and 7000 different flavors can be found by 2014 (Schripp et al. 2013). Figure 1: Total annual revenue of e-cigarette (2008-2013) (Source: Schripp et al. 2013) Figure 2: Predicted global sales of e-cigarette (in million dollars) (Source: Cameron et al. 2014) In the year of 2013, the brand leaders in e-cigarette were blue Cigs, NJOY and LOGIC. Their combined market share is more than 89% (Cameron et al. 2014). Collaborators The major wholesalers of the e-cigarette are Siverline Wholesale, P-Rider Novelty, EXHALE, iBliss Vapor products. There are 5 easy steps in which wholesalers and distributors for e-cigarette can be selected. They are mentioned below: 1) A company has to investigate the Better Business Bureau (BBB) about each wholesalers and suppliers (Padon et al. 2017). 2) Investigate about the background of the suppliers about the company history. 3) Meet with them personally 4) Place small retail order to test the product 5) If the quality is good then develop an agreement with the distributor and wholesalers. Customers From a survey analysis it has been found that the customers of this product belong to various age groups. 17% customers belong to 18-24 years, 21% belong to 25-44 years. 19% belong to 45-64 years and 9% belong to 65 or more that 65 years (Cameron et al. 2014). In terms of race and ethnicity, customers can be categorized as: Alaska Natives or American Indians 21% Asians 11% Blacks 18% Whites 20% Hispanics 12% Multiple race individuals 18% Table 1: Customer segmentation for e-cigarette in term of ethnicity or race (Source: Bunnell et al. 2014) There are various types of health risks that users of electronic cigarettes have to face. 1) The major risk that e-cigarette users have to face is related with nicotine. A committee has been developed U.S. to exmine the impact of liquid nicotine. This committee has identified liquid nicotine as toxic (Bunnell et al. 2014). 2) Padon et al. (2017) stated that e-cigarette customers have to face health issues related with use of the devices, especially in unregulated condition (flaw of manufacturing device). However, it has been witnessed that e-cigarette containing nicotine causes lesser harm compare to combustible traditional cigarette. Regan et al. (2013) mentioned that, e-cigarette can be used as smoking cessation devices as well. Most of users of the product mentioned that the use of e-cigarette has reduced or elimination of traditional cigarette. Competitors The brand leaders in e-cigarette were blue Cigs, NJOY and LOGIC. However, there are various other companies that try to enter in this business. In the year of 2012, Alteria group, the biggest, formed Nu market in order to use its existing brand image and supply chain management infrastructure to enter the e-cigarette market (Bunnell et al. 2014). In the year of 2014, the company had announced $110 million acquisition of e-vapor business. In addition, in the year of 2012 a new start up named British American Tobacco had entered this market. Climates The climate of business of e-cigarette companies are discussed with the help of PEST analysis. They are discussed below in table PEST analysis Political As this product causes less damage than traditional cigarettes, it is promoted by majority of country governments (Goniewicz et al. 2013). There is lack of advice available from department of health concerning use of e- cigarettes. Economic It has been found that NHS has to spend 2.7 billion to cure cancer caused due to cigarette smoking. Using e-cigarette can reduce this cost for NHS. Social Presently, people have become more aware about health issues caused due to smoking. There are 1.3 million people across Britain have substituted traditional cigarette with e-cigarette (Regan et al. 2013). Technological (Goniewicz et al. 2013) stated that, with the technical advancement, companies have become more focused to remove flaws from devices and make it more harm free (nicotine free). References Bunnell, R.E., Agaku, I.T., Arrazola, R., Apelberg, B.J., Caraballo, R.S., Corey, C.G., Coleman, B., Dube, S.R. and King, B.A., 2014. Intentions to smoke cigarettes among never-smoking US middle and high school electronic cigarette users, National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2011-2013.Nicotine Tobacco Research, p.166. Cameron, J.M., Howell, D.N., White, J.R., Andrenyak, D.M., Layton, M.E. and Roll, J.M., 2014. Variable and potentially fatal amounts of nicotine in e-cigarette nicotine solutions.Tobacco control,23(1), pp.77-78. Goniewicz, M.L., Lingas, E.O. and Hajek, P., 2013. Patterns of electronic cigarette use and user beliefs about their safety and benefits: an internet survey.Drug and alcohol review,32(2), pp.133-140. Padon, A.A., Maloney, E.K. and Cappella, J.N., 2017. Youth-Targeted E-cigarette Marketing in the US.Tobacco Regulatory Science,3(1), pp.95-101. Regan, A.K., Promoff, G., Dube, S.R. and Arrazola, R., 2013. Electronic nicotine delivery systems: adult use and awareness of the e-cigarettein the USA.Tobacco control,22(1), pp.19-23. Schripp, T., Markewitz, D., Uhde, E. and Salthammer, T., 2013. Does e?cigarette consumption cause passive vaping?.Indoor air,23(1), pp.25-31.